What is meant by "variance" in zoning regulations?

The term "variance" in zoning regulations refers to the permission granted to a property owner to deviate from the established zoning requirements outlined in the local zoning ordinance. This allows for certain flexibility in the application of zoning laws, particularly when strict adherence to the regulations may cause practical difficulties or unnecessary hardships for the property owner.

When a variance is sought, it typically involves an application process where the property owner must demonstrate to the zoning board or relevant authority that the deviation is justified. For example, a variance might be requested for a setback requirement, allowing a building to be constructed closer to the property line than normally permitted.

This concept is important in urban planning and community development as it balances the need for regulation with the recognition that circumstances can vary widely from one property to another. Variances are not meant to undermine the zoning ordinance but are a legal mechanism to address unique situations.

By contrast, a type of construction requirement, a standard building code, or a financial penalty for zoning violations does not encompass the purpose and function of a variance within the context of zoning regulations.